產(chǎn)品詳情
可見，隨著角θ的變化，每個柱塞產(chǎn)生的轉矩是變化的，液壓馬達對外輸出的總的轉矩也是脈動的。
從工作原理上講，相同形式的液壓泵和液壓馬達是可以相互代換的。但是，一般情況下未經(jīng)改進的液壓泵不宜用作液壓馬達。這是因為考慮到壓力平衡、間隙密封的自動補償?shù)纫蛩兀簤罕梦⑴庞颓坏慕Y構多是不對稱的，只能單方向旋轉。但作為液壓馬達，通常要求正、反向旋轉，要求結構對稱。
液壓馬達的工作原理
1.葉片式液壓馬達 由于壓力油作用，受力不平衡使轉子產(chǎn)生轉矩。葉片式液壓馬達的輸出轉矩與液壓馬達的排量和液壓馬達進出油口之間的壓力差有關，其轉速由輸入液壓馬達的流量大小來決定。由于液壓馬達一般都要求能正反轉，所以葉片式液壓馬達的葉片要徑向放置。為了使葉片根部始終通有壓力油，在回、壓油腔通人葉片根部的通路上應設置單向閥，為了確保葉片式液壓馬達在壓力油通人后能正常啟動，必須使葉片頂部和定子內表面緊密接觸，以保證良好的密封，因此在葉片根部應設置預緊彈簧。 葉片式液壓馬達體積小，轉動慣量小，動作靈敏，可適用于換向頻率較高的場合，但泄漏量較大，低速工作時不穩(wěn)定。因此葉片式液壓馬達一般用于轉速高、轉矩小和動作要求靈敏的場合。
2.徑向柱塞式液壓馬達 徑向柱塞式液壓馬達工作原理，當壓力油經(jīng)固定的配油軸4的窗口進入缸體內柱塞的底部時，柱塞向外伸出，緊緊頂住定子的內壁，由于定子與缸體存在一偏心距。在柱塞與定子接觸處，定子對柱塞的反作用力為 。力可分解為 和 兩個分力。當作用在柱塞底部的油液壓力為ｐ，柱塞直徑為ｄ，力和之間的夾角為 X時，力對缸體產(chǎn)生一轉矩，使缸體旋轉。缸體再通過端面連接的傳動軸向外輸出轉矩和轉速。 以上分析的一個柱塞產(chǎn)生轉矩的情況，由于在壓油區(qū)作用有好幾個柱塞，在這些柱塞上所產(chǎn)生的轉矩都使缸體旋轉，并輸出轉矩。徑向柱塞液壓馬達多用于低速大轉矩的情況下。
3.軸向柱塞馬達 軸向柱塞泵除閥式配流外，其它形式原則上都可以作為液壓馬達用，即軸向柱塞泵和軸向柱塞馬達是可逆的。軸向柱塞馬達的工作原理為，配油盤和斜盤固定不動，馬達軸與缸體相連接一起旋轉。當壓力油經(jīng)配油盤的窗口進入缸體的柱塞孔時，柱塞在壓力油作用下外伸，緊貼斜盤斜盤對柱塞產(chǎn)生一個法向反力ｐ，此力可分解為軸向分力及和垂直分力Q。Q與柱塞上液壓力相平衡，而Q則使柱塞對缸體中心產(chǎn)生一個轉矩，帶動馬達軸逆時針方向旋轉。軸向柱塞馬達產(chǎn)生的瞬時總轉矩是脈動的。若改變馬達壓力油輸入方向，則馬達軸按順時針方向旋轉。斜盤傾角ａ的改變、即排量的變化，不僅影響馬達的轉矩，而且影響它的轉速和轉向。斜盤傾角越大，產(chǎn)生轉矩越大，轉速越低。
4．齒輪液壓馬達 齒輪馬達在結構上為了適應正反轉要求，進出油口相等、具有對稱性、有單獨外泄油口將軸承部分的泄漏油引出殼體外；為了減少啟動摩擦力矩，采用滾動軸承；為了減少轉矩脈動齒輪液壓馬達的齒數(shù)比泵的齒數(shù)要多。 齒輪液壓馬達由干密封性差，容租效率較低，輸入油壓力不能過高，不能產(chǎn)生較大轉矩。并且瞬間轉速和轉矩隨著嚙合點的位置變化而變化，因此齒輪液壓馬達僅適合于高速小轉矩的場合。一般用干工程機械、農業(yè)機械以及對轉矩均勻性要求不高的機械設備上
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CALZONI馬達，CALZONI液壓馬達
